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Compare Micronesia, Federated States of (2003) - Peru (2001)

Compare Micronesia, Federated States of (2003) z Peru (2001)

 Micronesia, Federated States of (2003)Peru (2001)
 Micronesia, Federated States ofPeru
Administrative divisions 4 states; Chuuk (Truk), Kosrae (Kosaie), Pohnpei (Ponape), Yap 24 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento) and 1 constitutional province* (provincia constitucional); Amazonas, Ancash, Apurimac, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Callao*, Cusco, Huancavelica, Huanuco, Ica, Junin, La Libertad, Lambayeque, Lima, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Moquegua, Pasco, Piura, Puno, San Martin, Tacna, Tumbes, Ucayali

note:
the 1979 constitution mandated the creation of regions (regiones, singular - region) to function eventually as autonomous economic and administrative entities; so far, 12 regions have been constituted from 23 of the 24 departments - Amazonas (from Loreto), Andres Avelino Caceres (from Huanuco, Pasco, Junin), Arequipa (from Arequipa), Chavin (from Ancash), Grau (from Tumbes, Piura), Inca (from Cusco, Madre de Dios, Apurimac), La Libertad (from La Libertad), Los Libertadores-Huari (from Ica, Ayacucho, Huancavelica), Mariategui (from Moquegua, Tacna, Puno), Nor Oriental del Maranon (from Lambayeque, Cajamarca, Amazonas), San Martin (from San Martin), Ucayali (from Ucayali); formation of another region has been delayed by the reluctance of the constitutional province of Callao to merge with the department of Lima; because of inadequate funding from the central government and organizational and political difficulties, the regions have yet to assume major responsibilities; the 1993 constitution retains the regions but limits their authority; the 1993 constitution also reaffirms the roles of departmental and municipal governments
Age structure 0-14 years: 38.4% (male 21,163; female 20,335)


15-64 years: 58.5% (male 31,746; female 31,477)


65 years and over: 3.2% (male 1,558; female 1,864) (2003 est.)
0-14 years:
34.41% (male 4,803,464; female 4,654,890)

15-64 years:
60.8% (male 8,408,210; female 8,302,943)

65 years and over:
4.79% (male 603,309; female 711,048) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products black pepper, tropical fruits and vegetables, coconuts, cassava (tapioca), betel nuts, sweet potatoes; pigs, chickens coffee, cotton, sugarcane, rice, wheat, potatoes, plantains, coca; poultry, beef, dairy products, wool; fish
Airports 7 (2002) 233 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 6


1,524 to 2,437 m: 4


914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2002)
total:
46

over 3,047 m:
6

2,438 to 3,047 m:
18

1,524 to 2,437 m:
13

914 to 1,523 m:
8

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)
total:
187

over 3,047 m:
1

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
25

914 to 1,523 m:
65

under 914 m:
95 (2000 est.)
Area total: 702 sq km


land: 702 sq km


water: 0 sq km (fresh water only)


note: includes Pohnpei (Ponape), Chuuk (Truk) Islands, Yap Islands, and Kosrae (Kosaie)
total:
1,285,220 sq km

land:
1.28 million sq km

water:
5,220 sq km
Area - comparative four times the size of Washington, DC (land area only) slightly smaller than Alaska
Background In 1979 the Federated States of Micronesia, a UN Trust Territory under US administration, adopted a constitution. In 1986 independence was attained under a Compact of Free Association with the US. Present concerns include large-scale unemployment, overfishing, and overdependence on US aid. After a dozen years of military rule, Peru returned to democratic leadership in 1980. In recent years, bold reform programs and significant progress in curtailing guerrilla activity and drug trafficking have resulted in solid economic growth.
Birth rate 26.47 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) 23.9 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $161 million ($69 million less grants)


expenditures: $160 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.)
revenues:
$8.5 billion

expenditures:
$9.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $2 billion (1996 est.)
Capital Palikir Lima
Climate tropical; heavy year-round rainfall, especially in the eastern islands; located on southern edge of the typhoon belt with occasionally severe damage varies from tropical in east to dry desert in west; temperate to frigid in Andes
Coastline 6,112 km 2,414 km
Constitution 10 May 1979 31 December 1993
Country name conventional long form: Federated States of Micronesia


conventional short form: none


former: Ponape, Truk, and Yap Districts (Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands)


abbreviation: FSM
conventional long form:
Republic of Peru

conventional short form:
Peru

local long form:
Republica del Peru

local short form:
Peru
Currency US dollar (USD) nuevo sol (PEN)
Death rate 5.1 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) 5.78 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $53.1 million (FY 02/03 est.) $31 billion (2000 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Larry M. DINGER


embassy: address NA, Kolonia


mailing address: P. O. Box 1286, Kolonia, Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia 96941


telephone: [691] 320-2187


FAX: [691] 320-2186
chief of mission:
Ambassador John HAMILTON

embassy:
Avenida La Encalada, Cuadra 17s/n, Surco, Lima 33

mailing address:
P. O. Box 1995, Lima 1; American Embassy (Lima), APO AA 34031-5000

telephone:
[51] (1) 434-3000

FAX:
[51] (1) 434-3037
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Jesse Bibiano MAREHALAU


chancery: 1725 N Street NW, Washington, DC 20036


telephone: [1] (202) 223-4383


FAX: [1] (202) 223-4391


consulate(s) general: Honolulu and Tamuning (Guam)
chief of mission:
Ambassador Alfonso RIVERO Monsalve

chancery:
1700 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036

telephone:
[1] (202) 833-9860 through 9869

FAX:
[1] (202) 659-8124

consulate(s) general:
Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Paterson (New Jersey), San Francisco
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - recipient under terms of the Compact of Free Association, the US pledged $1.3 billion in grant aid during the period 1986-2001 $895.1 million (1995)
Economy - overview Economic activity consists primarily of subsistence farming and fishing. The islands have few mineral deposits worth exploiting, except for high-grade phosphate. The potential for a tourist industry exists, but the remote location, a lack of adequate facilities, and limited air connections hinder development. In November 2002, the country experienced a further reduction in future revenues from the Compact of Free Association - the agreement with the US in which Micronesia received $1.3 billion in financial and technical assistance over a 15-year period until 2001. The country's medium-term economic outlook appears fragile due not only to the reduction in US assistance but also to the slow growth of the private sector. Geographical isolation and a poorly developed infrastructure remain major impediments to long-term growth. The Peruvian economy has become increasingly market-oriented, with major privatizations completed since 1990 in the mining, electricity, and telecommunications industries. Thanks to strong foreign investment and the cooperation between the FUJIMORI government and the IMF and World Bank, growth was strong in 1994-97 and inflation was brought under control. In 1998, El Nino's impact on agriculture, the financial crisis in Asia, and instability in Brazilian markets undercut growth. And 1999 was another lean year for Peru, with the aftermath of El Nino and the Asian financial crisis working its way through the economy. Political instability resulting from the presidential election and FUJIMORI's subsequent departure from office limited economic growth in 2000.
Electricity - consumption NA kWh 17.565 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports - 1 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production NA kWh 18.886 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 0%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0%
fossil fuel:
23.04%

hydro:
76.43%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0.53% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: Dolohmwar (Totolom) 791 m
lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Nevado Huascaran 6,768 m
Environment - current issues overfishing, climate change, pollution deforestation (some the result of illegal logging); overgrazing of the slopes of the costa and sierra leading to soil erosion; desertification; air pollution in Lima; pollution of rivers and coastal waters from municipal and mining wastes
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to:
Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified:
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Ethnic groups nine ethnic Micronesian and Polynesian groups Amerindian 45%, mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 37%, white 15%, black, Japanese, Chinese, and other 3%
Exchange rates the US dollar is used 1 nuevo sol per US dollar - 3.5230 (January 2001), 3.4900 (2000), 3.383 (1999), 2.930 (1998), 2.664 (1997), 2.453 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: President Joseph J. URUSEMAL (since 11 May 2003); Vice President Redley KILLION; note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Joseph J. URUSEMAL (since 11 May 2003); Vice President Redley KILLION; note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Cabinet


elections: president and vice president elected by Congress from among the four senators at large for four-year terms; election last held 11 May 2003 (next to be held NA May 2007); note - a proposed constitutional amendment to establish popular elections for president and vice president failed


election results: Joseph J. URUSEMAL elected president; percent of Congress vote - NA%; Redley KILLION elected vice president; percent of Congress vote - NA%
chief of state:
President Alejandro TOLEDO (since 28 July 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government; additionally two vice presidents are provided for by the Constitution, First Vice President Raul DIEZ Conseco (since 28 July 2001) and Second Vice President David WAISMAN (since 28 July 2001)

head of government:
President Alejandro TOLEDO (since 28 July 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government; additionally two vice presidents are provided for by the Constitution, First Vice President Raul DIEZ Conseco (since 28 July 2001) and Second Vice President David WAISMAN (since 28 July 2001)

note:
Prime Minister Roberto DANINO (since 28 July 2001) does not exercise executive power; this power is in the hands of the president

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the president

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; special presidential election held 8 April 2001 with runoff election 3 June 2001); next to be held NA 2006

election results:
President TOLEDO elected in runoff election; percent of vote - Alejandro TOLEDO 53.1%, Alan GARCIA 46.9%
Exports $22 million (f.o.b.) (FY 99/00 est.) $7 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities fish, garments, bananas, black pepper fish and fish products, copper, zinc, gold, crude petroleum and byproducts, lead, coffee, sugar, cotton
Exports - partners Japan, US, Guam (2000) US 29%, EU 25%, Andean Community 6%, Japan 4%, Mercosur 3% (1999)
Fiscal year 1 October - 30 September calendar year
Flag description light blue with four white five-pointed stars centered; the stars are arranged in a diamond pattern three equal, vertical bands of red (hoist side), white, and red with the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a shield bearing a llama, cinchona tree (the source of quinine), and a yellow cornucopia spilling out gold coins, all framed by a green wreath
GDP purchasing power parity - $277 million


note: $277 million $277 million GDP is supplemented by grant aid, averaging perhaps $100 million annually (2002 est.)
purchasing power parity - $123 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 50%


industry: 4%


services: 46% (2000 est.)
agriculture:
15%

industry:
42%

services:
43% (1999)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $2,000 (2002 est.) purchasing power parity - $4,550 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 1% (2002 est.) 3.6% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 6 55 N, 158 15 E 10 00 S, 76 00 W
Geography - note four major island groups totaling 607 islands shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake, with Bolivia
Highways total: 240 km


paved: 42 km


unpaved: 198 km (1999 est.)
total:
72,900 km

paved:
8,700 km

unpaved:
64,200 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%:
1.9%

highest 10%:
34.3% (1994)
Illicit drugs - until 1996 the world's largest coca leaf producer, Peru reduced the area of coca under cultivation by 64% to 34,200 hectares between 1996 and the end of 2000; much of the cocaine base is shipped to neighboring Colombia for processing into cocaine for the international drug market; increasing amounts of finished cocaine, however, are being shipped to Europe or to Brazil and Bolivia for use in the Southern Cone or transshipped to world markets
Imports $149 million f.o.b. (FY 99/00 est.) $7.4 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities food, manufactured goods, machinery and equipment, beverages machinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum, iron and steel, chemicals, pharmaceuticals
Imports - partners US, Australia, Japan (2000) US 32%, EU 21%, Andean Community 6%, Mercosur 8%, Japan 5% (1999)
Independence 3 November 1986 (from the US-administered UN Trusteeship) 28 July 1821 (from Spain)
Industrial production growth rate NA% 8.5% (2000 est.)
Industries tourism, construction, fish processing, specialized aquaculture, craft items from shell, wood, and pearls mining of metals, petroleum, fishing, textiles, clothing, food processing, cement, auto assembly, steel, shipbuilding, metal fabrication
Infant mortality rate total: 32.39 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 35.65 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 28.97 deaths/1,000 live births
39.39 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1% (2002 est.) 3.7% (2000 est.)
International organization participation ACP, AsDB, ESCAP, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IFRCS (associate), IMF, IOC, ITU, OPCW, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, WHO, WMO ABEDA, APEC, CAN, CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LAES, LAIA, MONUC, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNTAET, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) 10 (2000)
Irrigated land NA sq km 12,800 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (judges are appointed by the National Council of the Judiciary)
Labor force NA 7.6 million (1996 est.)
Labor force - by occupation two-thirds are government employees agriculture, mining and quarrying, manufacturing, construction, transport, services
Land boundaries 0 km total:
5,536 km

border countries:
Bolivia 900 km, Brazil 1,560 km, Chile 160 km, Colombia 1,496 km (est.), Ecuador 1,420 km
Land use arable land: 5.71%


permanent crops: 45.71%


other: 48.58% (1998 est.)
arable land:
3%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
21%

forests and woodland:
66%

other:
10% (1993 est.)
Languages English (official and common language), Trukese, Pohnpeian, Yapese, Kosrean, Ulithian, Woleaian, Nukuoro, Kapingamarangi Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara
Legal system based on adapted Trust Territory laws, acts of the legislature, municipal, common, and customary laws based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral Congress (14 seats; members elected by popular vote; four - one elected from each state to serve four-year terms; and 10 - elected from single-member districts delineated by population to serve two-year terms)


elections: elections for four-year term seats last held 4 March 2003 (next to be held NA March 2007); elections for two-year term seats last held 4 March 2003 (next to be held NA March 2005)


election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 14
unicameral Democratic Constituent Congress or Congresso Constituyente Democratico (120 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 9 April 2000 (next to be held 8 April 2001)

note:
many congressmen defected to and then from former President FUJIMORI's coalition in 2000

election results:
percent of vote by party - Peru 2000 42.16%, Peru Possible 23.34%, FIM 7.56%, Somos Peru 7.2%, APRA 5.5%, others 14.24%; seats by party - Peru 2000 52, Peru Possible 29, FIM 9, others 30
Life expectancy at birth total population: 69.13 years


male: 67.39 years


female: 70.95 years (2003 est.)
total population:
70.3 years

male:
67.9 years

female:
72.81 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 89%


male: 91%


female: 88% (1980 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
88.7%

male:
94.5%

female:
83% (1995 est.)
Location Oceania, island group in the North Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to Indonesia Western South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Chile and Ecuador
Map references Oceania South America
Maritime claims exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
continental shelf:
200 NM

territorial sea:
200 NM
Merchant marine none


note: includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: US 1 (2002 est.)
total:
6 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 40,623 GRT/61,769 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 5, petroleum tanker 1 (2000 est.)
Military - note Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) is a sovereign, self-governing state in free association with the US; FSM is totally dependent on the US for its defense -
Military branches - Army (Ejercito Peruano), Navy (Marina de Guerra del Peru; includes Naval Air, Marines, and Coast Guard), Air Force (Fuerza Aerea del Peru), National Police (Policia Nacional)
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $1 billion (FY00)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 1.9% (FY00)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
7,205,675 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
4,847,250 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 20 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
276,458 (2001 est.)
National holiday Constitution Day, 10 May (1979) Independence Day, 28 July (1821)
Nationality noun: Micronesian(s)


adjective: Micronesian; Chuukese, Kosraen(s), Pohnpeian(s), Yapese
noun:
Peruvian(s)

adjective:
Peruvian
Natural hazards typhoons (June to December) earthquakes, tsunamis, flooding, landslides, mild volcanic activity
Natural resources forests, marine products, deep-seabed minerals copper, silver, gold, petroleum, timber, fish, iron ore, coal, phosphate, potash, hydropower
Net migration rate -20.98 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) -1.08 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines - crude oil 800 km; natural gas and natural gas liquids 64 km
Political parties and leaders no formal parties American Popular Revolutionary Alliance or APRA [Alan GARCIA]; Andean Rebirth [Ciro GALVEZ Herreria]; Avancemos [leader NA]; Democratic Cause [Jorge SANTISTEVAN]; Independent Moralizing Front or FIM [Fernando OLIVERA Vega]; National Solidarity or SN [Luis CASTANEDA Lossio]; National Unity [Lourdes FLORES Nano]; Peru 2000 [leader NA]; Peru Posible or PP [Alejandro TOLEDO Maniquez]; Popular Action or AP [leader NA]; Popular Agrarian Front of Peru or Frepap [leader NA]; Popular Solution [Carlos BOLONA Behr]; Project Country [Mario Antonio ARRUNATEGUI]; Somos Peru or SP [Alberto ANDRADE]; Union for Peru or UPP [leader NA]; Vamos Vecinos or VV [Absalon VASQUEZ]
Political pressure groups and leaders - leftist guerrilla groups include Shining Path [Abimael GUZMAN Reynoso (imprisoned), Gabriel MACARIO (top leader at-large)]; Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement or MRTA [Victor POLAY (imprisoned), Hugo AVALLENEDA Valdez (top leader at-large)]
Population 108,143 (July 2003 est.) 27,483,864 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 26.7% 49% (1994 est.)
Population growth rate 0.04% (2003 est.) 1.7% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Colonia (Yap), Kolonia (Pohnpei), Lele, Moen Callao, Chimbote, Ilo, Matarani, Paita, Puerto Maldonado, Salaverry, San Martin, Talara, Iquitos, Pucallpa, Yurimaguas

note:
Iquitos, Pucallpa, and Yurimaguas are all on the upper reaches of the Amazon and its tributaries
Radio broadcast stations AM 5, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 472, FM 198, shortwave 189 (1999)
Radios - 6.65 million (1997)
Railways 0 km total:
1,988 km

standard gauge:
1,608 km 1.435-m gauge

narrow gauge:
380 km 0.914-m gauge
Religions Roman Catholic 50%, Protestant 47% Roman Catholic 90%
Sex ratio 1.05 male(s)/female (2003 est.) at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.03 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.01 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.85 male(s)/female

total population:
1.01 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: adequate system


domestic: islands interconnected by shortwave radiotelephone (used mostly for government purposes)


international: satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2002)
general assessment:
adequate for most requirements

domestic:
nationwide microwave radio relay system and a domestic satellite system with 12 earth stations

international:
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); Pan American submarine cable
Telephones - main lines in use 11,000 (2001) 1.509 million (1998)
Telephones - mobile cellular newly installed in Pohnpei and Yap 504,995 (1998)
Television broadcast stations 2 (1997) 13 (plus 112 repeaters) (1997)
Terrain islands vary geologically from high mountainous islands to low, coral atolls; volcanic outcroppings on Pohnpei, Kosrae, and Chuuk western coastal plain (costa), high and rugged Andes in center (sierra), eastern lowland jungle of Amazon Basin (selva)
Total fertility rate 3.5 children born/woman (2003 est.) 2.96 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 16% (1999 est.) 7.7%; extensive underemployment (1997)
Waterways none 8,808 km

note:
8,600 km of navigable tributaries of Amazon system and 208 km of Lago Titicaca
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